Humanoid Robot Batteries: Technical Requirements & Recommended Manufacturers

Humanoid robots represent a sophisticated integration of AI, precision mechanics, and high-dynamic motion. At their core lies the power system—a component that demands exceptional dynamic responsiveness, hohe Energiedichte, and uncompromising safety.

Core Battery Requirements for Humanoid Robots
To meet these demands, robot batteries must meet six critical specifications:

• Hohe Energiedichte: 250-350 Wh/kg to ensure long operation with minimal weight. Tesla’s Optimus, beispielsweise, uses a 2.3 kWh cylindrical cell pack for up to 8 hours of runtime.

• Fähigkeit zur Hochentladung: 20C-50C instant discharge to power dynamic movements like jumping or lifting.

• Fast Charging: 5C-7C charging to minimize downtime; zum Beispiel, a 7C battery can recover 80% charge in 20 Protokoll.

• Safety First: Must pass extreme tests like puncture, high-temperature, and crush tests. Solid-state batteries are emerging as a key trend due to their inherent safety from liquid electrolyte leakage.

• Langkreislebensdauer: Über 1,000 cycles with ≥80% capacity retention.

• Wide Operating Range: -20℃ bis 60 ℃, with some models requiring performance in even more extreme cold.

Current Technology Roadmap: A Comparative View
Lithium-ion remains the dominant chemistry, deployed in two primary forms:

• Cylindrical Cells (18650, 21700)

  • Pros: Mature technology (used in Tesla Optimus), cost-effective, good thermal performance.

  • Cons: Lower pack-level energy density (~250 Wh/kg) and bulky form factor.

• Pouch Cells (Laminated, Custom Shapes)

  • Pros: High space utilization, customizable shapes (semi-solid variants reach 350 WH/kg), ideal for complex robot designs.

  • Leading Tech: Includes semi-solid (z.B., Sunwoda’s 500 Wh/kg prototype) and all-solid-state batteries.

Material Selection:

• NCM/NCA (Ternary): Offers high energy density (300+ WH/kg), suited for outdoor, high-endurance tasks like search and rescue.

• LFP (Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat): Prioritizes safety and longevity, ideal for indoor service robots in healthcare or logistics.

Leading Battery Suppliers & Their Focus
Several key players are driving innovation in this niche:

1. BYD: Leverages its broad electrification experience to provide high-quality, integrated power solutions.

2. CATL: The global EV battery leader is extending its expertise into custom robot battery systems.

3. Sunwoda: A pioneer in semi-solid cells, with a 500 Wh/kg prototype already deployed in consumer robotics.

4. EVE Energy: Actively supplying samples to leading humanoid developers, focusing on high-density ternary cells and fast-swap tech.

5. Guansheng: Exploring partnerships in solid-state batteries to tackle the weight and range challenge.

6. AVIC Lithium (CALB): Utilizes its aviation heritage to develop ultra-safe LFP batteries for industrial and robots.

Specialized Design Considerations
Beyond the cell, successful integration requires:

• Structural Optimization: Carbon fiber casings (30% weight reduction) with IP67 rating and sub-30-second hot-swap modularity.

• Advanced Thermal Management: Hybrid systems using liquid cooling and phase-change materials to maintain temperatures below 45°C during continuous operation.

• Rigorous Validation: Must pass 1,000-hour vibration and 1.8-meter drop tests to ensure field reliability.

The Future is Solid-State
The next leap will be driven by solid-state batteries, with semi-solid versions predicted to enter mass production for premium robots by 2025. Backed by significant R&D investment in China, energy density targets are pushing past 400 WH/kg. Future systems will feature smarter BMS integrated with AI for dynamic power optimization based on real-time tasks.

Partner for the Next Generation of Robotics
The race for the optimal robot battery—balancing energy, Sicherheit, and cost—is accelerating. Our in-house developed semi-solid battery is already in production. It utilizes a nano silicon-carbon anode and solid electrolyte to achieve 350 Wh/kg energy density with inherent safety (passing nail penetration tests) and supports sustained 10C discharge—perfectly matching the high current demands of robotic joints.

Interested in exploring how our battery technology can power your next-generation robotics project? Contact us via our website for detailed specifications and application case studies.